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Varicose veins. Varicose veins, also known as varicoses, are a medical condition in which superficial veins become enlarged and twisted. Although usually just a cosmetic ailment, in some cases they cause fatigue, pain, itching, and nighttime leg cramps. [1][2][5] These veins typically develop in the legs, just under the skin. [3]
Anorectal varices. Anorectal varices are collateral submucosal blood vessels dilated by backflow in the veins of the rectum. [1] Typically this occurs due to portal hypertension which shunts venous blood from the portal system through the portosystemic anastomosis present at this site into the systemic venous system. [2][3] This can also occur ...
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition in which blood pools in the veins, straining the walls of the vein. [ 1 ] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux which is a treatable condition. [ 2 ] As functional venous valves are required to provide for efficient blood return from the lower extremities, this ...
Pelvic congestion syndrome. Pelvic congestion syndrome, also known as pelvic vein incompetence, is a long-term condition believed to be due to enlarged veins in the lower abdomen. [1][3] The condition may cause chronic pain, such as a constant dull ache, which can be worsened by standing or sex. [1] Pain in the legs or lower back may also occur.
Gastric varices. Gastric varices are dilated submucosal veins in the lining of the stomach, which can be a life-threatening cause of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. They are most commonly found in patients with portal hypertension, or elevated pressure in the portal vein system, which may be a complication of cirrhosis.
Venous ulcer. Venous ulcer is defined by the American Venous Forum as "a full-thickness defect of skin, most frequently in the ankle region, that fails to heal spontaneously and is sustained by chronic venous disease, based on venous duplex ultrasound testing." [1] Venous ulcers are wounds that are thought to occur due to improper functioning ...
Phlebitis (or venitis) is inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs. It most commonly occurs in superficial veins. Phlebitis often occurs in conjunction with thrombosis and is then called thrombophlebitis or superficial thrombophlebitis. Unlike deep vein thrombosis, the probability that superficial thrombophlebitis will cause a clot to break ...
Superficial thrombophlebitis is a thrombosis and inflammation of superficial veins presenting as a painful induration (thickening) with erythema, often in a linear or branching configuration with a cordlike appearance. [ 2 ]: 826–7[ 3 ] Superficial thrombophlebitis is due to inflammation and/or thrombosis, and,less commonly, infection of the ...