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101,100 (2015) [ 9 ] Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. [ 6 ] Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. [ 10 ] As it progresses, bone pain, anemia, renal insufficiency, and infections may occur. [ 10 ]
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib have improved the prognosis of CML patients to near-normal life expectancy. [14] Recently, a JAK2 inhibitor, namely ruxolitinib, has been approved for use in primary myelofibrosis. [15] Trials of these inhibitors are in progress for the treatment of the other myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Oncology. Monoclonal gammopathy, also known as paraproteinemia, is the presence of excessive amounts of myeloma protein or monoclonal gamma globulin in the blood. It is usually due to an underlying immunoproliferative disorder or hematologic neoplasms, especially multiple myeloma. It is sometimes considered equivalent to plasma cell dyscrasia.
Frequency. 5 per 100,000 per year [ 3 ][ 4 ] Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant swelling. Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine.
Bortezomib, sold under the brand name Velcade among others, is an anti-cancer medication used to treat multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. [ 3 ] This includes multiple myeloma in those who have and have not previously received treatment. [ 2 ] It is generally used together with other medications. [ 2 ]
The five-year survival rate for multiple myeloma patients ranges from 40% to 82%, per the Cleveland Clinic, which notes that it affects about seven out of 100,000 people a year and that "some ...
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