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  2. Marchantiophyta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchantiophyta

    Marchantia gemmae can be dispersed up to 120 cm by rain splashing into the cups. [26] In Metzgeria , gemmae grow at thallus margins. [ 27 ] Marchantia polymorpha is a common weed in greenhouses, often covering the entire surface of containers; [ 28 ] : 230 gemma dispersal is the "primary mechanism by which liverwort spreads throughout a nursery ...

  3. Marchantia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchantia

    Marchantia is a genus of liverworts in the family Marchantiaceae and the order Marchantiales. The thallus of Marchantia shows differentiation into two layers: an upper photosynthetic layer with a well-defined upper epidermis with pores and a lower storage layer. The thallus features tiny cup-like structures called gemma cups, containing gemmae ...

  4. Alternation of generations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternation_of_generations

    Alternation of generations (also known as metagenesis or heterogenesis) [ 1 ] is the predominant type of life cycle in plants and algae. In plants both phases are multicellular: the haploid sexual phase – the gametophyte – alternates with a diploid asexual phase – the sporophyte. A mature sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis, a ...

  5. Marchantia polymorpha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchantia_polymorpha

    Thallus of Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis showing dichotomous branching and gemma cups. It is a thallose liverwort which forms a rosette of flattened thalli with forked branches. The thalli grow up to 10cm long with a width of up to 2cm. It is usually green in colour but older plants can become brown or purplish.

  6. Fragmentation (reproduction) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(reproduction)

    Fragmentation in multicellular or colonial organisms is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning, where an organism is split into fragments upon maturation and the spilted part becomes the new individual. The organism may develop specific organs or zones to shed or be easily broken off. If the splitting occurs without the prior preparation of ...

  7. Sporophyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporophyte

    Sporophyte. Diagram showing the alternation of generations between a diploid sporophyte (bottom) and a haploid gametophyte (top) A sporophyte (/ ˈspɔːr.əˌfaɪt /) is the diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga which produces asexual spores. This stage alternates with a multicellular haploid gametophyte phase.

  8. Non-vascular plant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-vascular_plant

    Non-vascular plants are plants without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem. Instead, they may possess simpler tissues that have specialized functions for the internal transport of water. [citation needed] Non-vascular plants include two distantly related groups: Bryophytes, an informal group that taxonomists now [update] treat as ...

  9. Gemma (botany) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemma_(botany)

    A gemma (plural gemmae) is a single cell, or a mass of cells, or a modified bud of tissue, that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual. This type of asexual reproduction is referred to as fragmentation. It is a means of asexual propagation in plants. These structures are commonly found in fungi, algae, liverworts and mosses ...

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