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Musical hallucinations. Musical hallucinations (also known as auditory hallucinations, auditory Charles Bonnet Syndrome, and Oliver Sacks' syndrome [1]) describes a neurological disorder in which the patient will hallucinate songs, tunes, instruments and melodies. These hallucinations are not correlated with psychotic illness. [2]
Steroid dementia syndrome. Steroid dementia syndrome describes the signs and symptoms of hippocampal and prefrontal cortical dysfunction, such as deficits in memory, attention, and executive function, induced by glucocorticoids. [1] Dementia-like symptoms have been found in some individuals who have been exposed to glucocorticoid medication ...
Psychosis, delirium, or dementia [ 1 ] Visual release hallucinations, also known as Charles Bonnet syndrome or CBS, are a type of psychophysical visual disturbance in which a person with partial or severe blindness experiences visual hallucinations. First described by Charles Bonnet in 1760, [ 2 ][ 3 ] the term Charles Bonnet syndrome was first ...
Peduncular hallucinosis (PH) is a rare neurological phenomenon that causes vivid visual hallucinations that typically occur in dark environments and last for several minutes. Unlike some other kinds of hallucinations, the hallucinations that patients with PH experience are very realistic, and often involve people and environments that are ...
Stress, hypometabolism, and oxidative damage may decrease physiologic reserve in the elderly and can lead to a decrease in neuron energy production and an increase in neuron damage. [12] Thioredoxin reductase is an antioxidant that neutralizes oxidative free radicals that can cause cell death. The brain is vulnerable to oxidative free radicals ...
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality. [6] They are distinguishable from several related phenomena, such as dreaming (), which does not involve wakefulness; pseudohallucination, which does not mimic real perception, and is accurately perceived as unreal; illusion, which involves distorted or misinterpreted real ...
It is one of the most common causes of disability among the elderly but can develop before the age of 65 when it is known as early-onset dementia or presenile dementia. [ 273 ] [ 274 ] Less than 1% of those with Alzheimer's have gene mutations that cause a much earlier development of the disease, around the age of 45, known as early-onset ...
Paraphrenia is often associated with a physical change in the brain, such as a tumor, stroke, ventricular enlargement, or neurodegenerative process. [4] Research that reviewed the relationship between organic brain lesions and the development of delusions suggested that "brain lesions which lead to subcortical dysfunction could produce delusions when elaborated by an intact cortex".