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  2. OS X Mountain Lion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion

    OS X Mountain Lion (version 10.8) is the ninth major release of macOS, Apple Inc.'s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. OS X Mountain Lion was released on July 25, 2012, [3] for purchase and download through the Mac App Store, as part of a switch to releasing OS X versions online and every year, rather than every two years.

  3. Map (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_(higher-order_function)

    Map (higher-order function) For the abstract data type of the same name, see Map (data structure). In many programming languages, map is a higher-order function that applies a given function to each element of a collection, e.g. a list or set, returning the results in a collection of the same type. It is often called apply-to-all when ...

  4. macOS version history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS_version_history

    The history of macOS, Apple's current Mac operating system formerly named Mac OS X until 2011 and then OS X until 2016, began with the company's project to replace its "classic" Mac OS. That system, up to and including its final release Mac OS 9 , was a direct descendant of the operating system Apple had used in its Mac computers since their ...

  5. OS X Lion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Lion

    OS X Lion, [ 5 ][ 6 ] also known as Mac OS X Lion, [ 2 ] (version 10.7) is the eighth major release of macOS, Apple 's desktop and server operating system for Mac computers. A preview of OS X 10.7 Lion was publicly shown at the "Back to the Mac" Apple Special Event on October 20, 2010. It brought many developments made in Apple's iOS, such as ...

  6. Cocoa (API) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoa_(API)

    Cocoa is Apple 's native object-oriented application programming interface (API) for its desktop operating system macOS. Cocoa consists of the Foundation Kit, Application Kit, and Core Data frameworks, as included by the Cocoa.h header file, and the libraries and frameworks included by those, such as the C standard library and the Objective-C ...

  7. Mac OS X 10.0 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.0

    macOS. Mac OS X 10.0 (code named Cheetah) is the first major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system. It was released on March 24, 2001, for a price of $129 after a public beta. Mac OS X was Apple's successor to the classic Mac OS. It was derived from NeXTSTEP and FreeBSD, and featured a new user interface called Aqua, as ...

  8. Property list - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_list

    [10] Since XML files, however, are not the most space-efficient means of storage, Mac OS X 10.2 introduced a new format where property list files are stored as binary files. Starting with Mac OS X 10.4, this is the default format for preference files. In Mac OS X 10.7, support for reading and writing files in JSON format was introduced. JSON ...

  9. macOS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS

    macOS, originally Mac OS X, previously shortened as OS X, is an operating system developed and marketed by Apple since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. Within the market of desktop and laptop computers, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows and ahead of all Linux distributions ...