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Undernutrition in children, occurs when children do not consume enough calories, protein, or micronutrients to maintain good health. [ 3 ][ 4 ] It is common globally and may result in both short and long term irreversible adverse health outcomes. Undernutrition is sometimes used synonymously with malnutrition, however, malnutrition could mean ...
406,000 from nutritional deficiencies (2015) [ 10 ] Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [ 11 ][ 12 ] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.
On average, adults who were malnourished as children can earn an estimated 20% less than those who weren't malnourished as children. Due to the effects of malnutrition in developing countries, losses in GDP can add up to 2-3% annually. Malnutrition is estimated to cost $20–$30 billion per year globally.
Stunted children are more likely to develop obesity and chronic diseases upon reaching adulthood. [105] Therefore, malnutrition resulting in stunting can further worsen the obesity epidemic, especially in low and middle income countries. [105] This creates even new economic and social challenges for vulnerable impoverished groups. [105]
In a recent study done by medical researchers, from 2011-2012, 8.4% of young children ages 2–5, 17.7% of kids ages 6–11, and 20.5% of teens ages 12–19 are categorized as obese in the U.S. [24] Besides nutrition education, environmental factors such as a decrease in physical activity and increase in energy intake have led to more sedentary ...
Endocrinology. Protein–energy undernutrition (PEU), once called protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of conditions arising from coincident lack of dietary protein and/or energy (calories) in varying proportions. The condition has mild, moderate, and severe degrees.
e. In the United States, school meals are provided either at no cost or at a government-subsidized price, to students from low-income families. These free or subsidized meals have the potential to increase household food security, which can improve children's health and expand their educational opportunities. [ 1 ]
Failure to thrive (FTT), also known as weight faltering or faltering growth, indicates insufficient weight gain or absence of appropriate physical growth in children. [ 2 ][ 3 ] FTT is usually defined in terms of weight, and can be evaluated either by a low weight for the child's age, or by a low rate of increase in the weight. [ 4 ]