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Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form. [13] Malnutrition is a category of diseases that includes undernutrition and ...
On average, adults who were malnourished as children can earn an estimated 20% less than those who weren't malnourished as children. Due to the effects of malnutrition in developing countries, losses in GDP can add up to 2-3% annually. Malnutrition is estimated to cost $20–$30 billion per year globally.
Stunted children are more likely to develop obesity and chronic diseases upon reaching adulthood. [105] Therefore, malnutrition resulting in stunting can further worsen the obesity epidemic, especially in low and middle income countries. [105] This creates even new economic and social challenges for vulnerable impoverished groups. [105]
Endocrinology. Protein–energy undernutrition (PEU), once called protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of conditions arising from coincident lack of dietary protein and/or energy (calories) in varying proportions. The condition has mild, moderate, and severe degrees.
Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is another form of malnutrition that affects children. PEM can appear as conditions called marasmus, kwashiorkor, and an intermediate state of marasmus-kwashiorkor. Although malnutrition can have severe and lasting health effects on women and children, they are still susceptible to other water-related dangers. [10]
Kwashiorkor is a type of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). SAM is a category, composed of two conditions: marasmus and kwashiorkor. [ 9 ] Both kwashiorkor and marasmus fall under the umbrella of protein–energy malnutrition (PEM). [ 10 ] These diseases are oftentimes discussed together, but are distinctly separate conditions of malnutrition.
Micronutrient deficiencies are considered a public health problem worldwide. For over 30 years it has been estimated that more than two billion people of all ages are affected by this burden, [1] while a recently published study based on individual-level biomarker data estimated that there are 372 million children aged 5 years and younger, and 1.2 billion non-pregnant women of reproductive age ...
Failure to thrive (FTT), also known as weight faltering or faltering growth, indicates insufficient weight gain or absence of appropriate physical growth in children. [ 2 ][ 3 ] FTT is usually defined in terms of weight, and can be evaluated either by a low weight for the child's age, or by a low rate of increase in the weight. [ 4 ]