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Learn about ionic vs covalent bonds, chemical bond examples, and the difference between ionic and covalent bonds. Updated: 11/21/2023 Table of Contents
Very well put. Another explanation is that as covalent bonds are made by 'sharing' of electron, the electron will 'spend' more time with the element which is more electronegative. e.g in HCl, H has the electronegativity of 2.1 while Cl has 3, so the 'pull' of Cl on the shared electron is greater than H, hence the direction.
Trying to say that bonds which are either ionic or covalent are stronger is a big mistake, starting with the fact that "ionic" and "covalent" are merely the hypothetical extremes of the bonding continuum and can be considered "ideal" bonds.
There are "in between" states like polar covalent, where one side of the bond is stronger but not fully ionic. And this I think is the main reason: hydrogen has fairly high Pauling electronegativity (2.20), rather close to oxygen (3.44), which seems polar covalent overall (and why we get hydrogen bonding with water).
If they form a covalent bond then that is because the covalent bond is stronger than the alternative ionic bond (at least after taking into account the ionisation energies). This is either because the covalent bond is strong (good orbital overlap) or the ionisation energies are so large that they would outweigh the ionic lattice enthalpy.
Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds. The electrons that are found in the outermost shell (valence shell) of an atom are known as the valence electrons and are responsible for forming bonds between two atoms ...
Trace ionic character trend on the periodic table, examine ionic vs. covalent bonds, and discover how to predict bond polarity. Updated: 11/21/2023 Table of Contents
However, it actually turns out that the $\ce{Al-Cl}$ bonds display a significant degree of covalent character. In the solid state it adopts an 'ionic lattice' structure with octahedral coordination for the $\ce{Al^{3+}}$ ions but in the liquid and gas phases it exists as a covalent compound, either as $\ce{AlCl3}$ or as a dimer $\ce{Al2Cl6}$.
Some atoms have the ability to form multiple covalent bonds. In multiple covalent bonding, more than one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms. The types of covalent bonds that occur based ...
A covalent bond with equal sharing of the charge density has 0% ionic character, while a perfect ionic bond would have 100% ionic character. The ionic character of a bond increases with the difference in electronegativity between the cation and the anion.