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An optical waveguide is a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum.Common types of optical waveguides include optical fiber waveguides, transparent dielectric waveguides made of plastic and glass, liquid light guides, and liquid waveguides.
DPP dyes are based on the bicyclic heterocyclic compound diketopyrrolopyrrole. 2,5-Dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione is a basic body of Diketopyrrolopyrrole dye. DPP pigments are an important class of high-performance pigments used in inks, paints and plastic.
Today, the pure science of optics is called optical science or optical physics to distinguish it from applied optical sciences, which are referred to as optical engineering. Prominent subfields of optical engineering include illumination engineering , photonics , and optoelectronics with practical applications like lens design , fabrication and ...
Physical optics is also the name of an approximation commonly used in optics, electrical engineering and applied physics. In this context, it is an intermediate method between geometric optics, which ignores wave effects, and full wave electromagnetism, which is a precise theory.
In the context of Hamiltonian optics, at a point in space, a light ray may be completely defined by a point r = (x, y, z), a unit Euclidean vector v = (cos α X, cos α Y, cos α Z) indicating its direction and the refractive index n at point r. The optical momentum of the ray at that point is defined by
Vision of humans and other organisms depends on several organs such as the lens of the eye, and any vision correcting devices, which use optics to focus the image. The eyes of many animals contains a lens that focuses the light of its surroundings onto the retina of the eye. This lens is essential to producing clear images within the eye.
In optics, surface vertices are the points where each optical surface crosses the optical axis. They are important primarily because they are physically measurable parameters for the optical element positions, and so the positions of the cardinal points of the optical system must be known with respect to the surface vertices to describe the system.
In optics, a diaphragm is a thin opaque structure with an opening at its center. The role of the diaphragm is to stop the passage of light, except for the light passing through the aperture . Thus it is also called a stop (an aperture stop , if it limits the brightness of light reaching the focal plane, or a field stop or flare stop for other ...