Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Genitourinary Changes in Pregnancy. Progesterone causes many changes to the genitourinary system. A pregnant woman may experience an increase in the size of the kidneys and ureter due to the increase blood volume and vasculature. Later in pregnancy, the woman might develop physiological hydronephrosis and hydroureter, which are normal. [33]
Studies show that all of these issues can arise from lying in the supine position during late pregnancy, which can cause compression and obstruction of the inferior vena cava by the uterus. [1] Symptoms of late pregnancy inferior vena cava syndrome consist of intense pain in the right hand side, muscle twitching, hypotension , and fluid retention.
Cases of GTD can be diagnosed through routine tests given during pregnancy, such as blood tests and ultrasound, or through tests done after miscarriage or abortion. [15] Vaginal bleeding, enlarged uterus, pelvic pain or discomfort, and vomiting too much ( hyperemesis ) are the most common symptoms of GTD.
It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number. [2] Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy .
Sucking causes the pituitary gland to release oxytocin, which contracts the uterus and prevents bleeding. [1] [6] This can be felt by the mother in the breasts. The crying of the infant can also induce the release of oxytocin. Cracked nipples can develop at this time, which can be managed with pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment. [4]
Ectopic pregnancy is implantation of the embryo outside the uterus. This form of complicated pregnancy, which is a non-implication of a normally fertilized egg at any spot other than the uterus, involves operation failure, which can cause life-threatening conditions. However, the underlying reasons for this are not exactly known.
Gallstones can vary in size and shape from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball. [39] The gallbladder may contain a single large stone or many smaller ones. Pseudoliths, sometimes referred to as sludge, are thick secretions that may be present within the gallbladder, either alone or in conjunction with fully formed gallstones.
This can be caused by the formation of scar tissue due to one or more episodes of PID, and can lead to tubal blockage. Both of these increase the risk of the inability to get pregnant, [27] and 1% results in an ectopic pregnancy. [40] Chronic pelvic/abdominal pain develops post PID 40% of the time. [40]