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Arthur Cecil Pigou (/ ˈ p iː ɡ uː /; 18 November 1877 – 7 March 1959) was an English economist. As a teacher and builder of the School of Economics at the University of Cambridge , he trained and influenced many Cambridge economists who went on to take chairs of economics around the world.
An example sometimes cited is a subsidy for the provision of flu vaccines and the public goods (such as education and national defense), research & development, etc. [6] [7] Pigouvian taxes are named after English economist Arthur Cecil Pigou (1877–1959), who also developed the concept of economic externalities.
The Pigou–Dalton principle (PDP) is a principle in welfare economics, particularly in cardinal welfarism. Named after Arthur Cecil Pigou and Hugh Dalton, it is a condition on social welfare functions. It says that, all other things being equal, a social welfare function should prefer allocations that are more equitable. In other words, a ...
The Pigou effect was first popularised by Arthur Cecil Pigou in 1943, in The Classical Stationary State an article in the Economic Journal. [4] He had proposed the link from balances to consumption earlier, and Gottfried Haberler had made a similar objection the year after the General Theory's publication. [5]
He explained that firms operate at less than full capacity due to falling demand curves and maximization of profits at a certain output level. Robinson highlights the limitations and simplifications made in Pigou's analysis, particularly in terms of assumptions about demand conditions and the concept of price policy in manufacturing industries. [1]
A Pigovian tax (also called Pigouvian tax, after economist Arthur C. Pigou) is a tax imposed that is equal in value to the negative externality. In order to fully correct the negative externality, the per unit tax should equal the marginal external cost. [ 56 ]
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The Pigou Club is described by its creator, economist Gregory Mankiw, as a “group of economists and pundits with the good sense to have publicly advocated higher Pigouvian taxes, such as gasoline taxes or carbon taxes." [1] A Pigouvian tax is a tax levied to correct the negative externalities (negative side-effects) of a market activity.