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Its primary focus is stabilizing the circadian rhythm disruptions that are common among people with bipolar disorder [1] [2] [3] (BD). IPSRT draws upon principles from interpersonal psychotherapy, an evidence-based treatment for depression [4] and emphasizes the importance of daily routine (rhythm). [5]
The most common tuplet [9] is the triplet (German Triole, French triolet, Italian terzina or tripletta, Spanish tresillo).Whereas normally two quarter notes (crotchets) are the same duration as a half note (minim), three triplet quarter notes have that same duration, so the duration of a triplet quarter note is 2 ⁄ 3 the duration of a standard quarter note.
A variety of other agents have been tried in bipolar disorder, including benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, L-methylfolate, and thyroid hormone. [2] Modafinil (Provigil) and pramipexole (Mirapex) have been suggested for treating cognitive dysfunction associated with bipolar depression, but evidence supporting their use is quite limited.
Ellen Frank is an expert on mood disorders and their treatment. She and her colleagues developed Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT), a hybrid of Interpersonal Psychotherapy and Social Rhythm Therapy, which aims "to help people improve their moods by understanding and working with their biological and social rhythms."
Bipolar I disorder (BD-I; pronounced "type one bipolar disorder") is a type of bipolar spectrum disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, with or without mixed or psychotic features. [1] Most people also, at other times, have one or more depressive episodes. [2]
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy can be used to regulate life rhythm when mood swings happen frequently and disrupt the rhythm of life. [187] Episodes of mood disorder often liberate people from daily routines by making a mess of sleep schedules, social interaction, [188] [189] or work and causing irregular circadian rhythms. [190]
Bipolar disorder is known to have a high heritability. [19] Therefore, sleep disturbances in bipolar disorder could also have a genetic basis. Studies found modest associations between several genes that are known to be associated with the generation and regulation of circadian rhythms and bipolar disorder. [20]
Research on treatments for bipolar disorder conclude that patients will most likely require a combination of medication and therapy. One study that used interpersonal therapy as treatment for bipolar found that a combination of IPT, social rhythm therapy and medication improved patient functioning.
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