Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A circumvallate placenta does not always induce associated symptoms during pregnancy, making it extremely difficult to diagnose a circumvallate placenta in asymptomatic mothers. In symptomatic mothers , physicians may be able to detect a circumvallate placenta based on the presentation of the following signs .
The accumulating blood pushes between the layers of the decidua, pushing the uterine wall and placenta apart. When the placenta is separated, it is unable to exchange waste, nutrients, and oxygen, a necessary function for the fetus's survival. The fetus dies when it no longer receives enough oxygen and nutrients to survive. [9]
Ischemic placental disease leads to the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall to become under-perfused, causing uteroplacental ischemia. Where the term overarches the pathology associated with preeclampsia , placental abruptions and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). [ 3 ]
The main causes of obstructed labour include a large or abnormally positioned baby, a small pelvis, and problems with the birth canal. [2] Both the size and the position of the fetus can lead to obstructed labor.
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
Placenta abnormality [27] [38] [39] Previous miscarriage [11] Eating disorders bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa [19] Hyperemesis gravidarum [19] Illicit or recreational drugs [11] [failed verification] Caffeine [14] Food poisoning Salmonella; Listeriosis; Toxoplasmosis [14] [1] Some surgeries [40] and medications [14] Antidepressants [41] [42]
One theory is that velamentous cord insertion may arise from the process of placental trophotropism, which is the phenomenon where the placenta migrates towards areas which have better blood flow with advancing gestation. The placenta grows in regions with better blood supply and portions atrophy in regions of poor blood flow.
Uterine hyperstimulation or hypertonic uterine dysfunction is a potential complication of labor induction.This is displayed as Uterine tachysystole- the contraction frequency numbering more than five in a 10-minute time frame or as contractions exceeding more than two minutes in duration. [1]