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Circumvallate placenta is a rare condition affecting about 1-2% of pregnancies, in which the amnion and chorion fetal membranes essentially "double back" on the fetal side around the edges of the placenta. [1]
Circumvallate placenta A circumvallate placenta refers to when the foetal membrane wraps twice around, over the foetal side around the edge of the placenta . This is to compensate for an undersized chorionic plate resulting in a decreased nutritional supply to the foetus.
One theory is that velamentous cord insertion may arise from the process of placental trophotropism, which is the phenomenon where the placenta migrates towards areas which have better blood flow with advancing gestation. The placenta grows in regions with better blood supply and portions atrophy in regions of poor blood flow.
The placenta (pl.: placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.It plays critical roles in facilitating nutrient, gas and waste exchange between the physically separate maternal and fetal circulations, and is an important endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal ...
667 Retained placenta or membranes, without hemorrhage; 668 Complication (medicine) of the administration of anesthetic or other sedation in labor (childbirth) and delivery; 669 Complication (medicine) Other complications of labor and delivery, not elsewhere classified. 669.5 Forceps delivery or vacuum extractor delivery without mention of ...
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
Normally the maternal circulation and the fetal circulation are kept from direct contact with each other, with gas and nutrient exchange taking place across a membrane in the placenta made of two layers, the syncytiotrophoblast and the cytotrophoblast. Fetal-maternal haemorrhage occurs when this membrane ceases to function as a barrier and ...
Retroplacental hematomas are entirely behind the placenta and not touching the gestational sac. Subamniotic or preplacental hematomas are contained within amnion and chorion. Rare. Most patients with a small subchorionic hematoma are asymptomatic. [5] Symptoms include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, premature labor and threatened miscarriage. [6]