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Endotoxins most commonly refer to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipooligosaccharide (LOS) that are in the outer plasma membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The botulinum toxin, which is primarily produced by Clostridium botulinum and less frequently by other Clostridium species, is the most toxic substance known in the world. [1]
Biologically speaking, any substance, if given in large enough amounts, is poisonous and can cause death. For instance, several kilograms worth of water would constitute a lethal dose. Many substances used as medications—such as fentanyl—have an LD 50 only one order of magnitude greater than the ED50. An alternative classification ...
Also present are ricinine, an alkaloid, and an irritant oil. According to the 2007 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records, the castor oil plant is the most poisonous in the world, though its cousin abrin, found in the seeds of the jequirity plant, is arguably more lethal. Castor oil, long used as a laxative, muscle rub, and in cosmetics ...
This is the list of extremely hazardous substances defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. § 11002). The list can be found as an appendix to 40 CFR 355. [1] Updates as of 2006 can be seen on the Federal Register, 71 FR 47121 (August 16, 2006). [2]
By contrast, a toxin is a poison produced naturally by an organism (e.g. plant, animal, insect). [2] The 2011 book A Textbook of Modern Toxicology states, "A toxin is a toxicant that is produced by a living organism and is not used as a synonym for toxicant—all toxins are toxicants, but not all toxicants are toxins.
The term "environmental toxin" can sometimes explicitly include synthetic contaminants [26] such as industrial pollutants and other artificially made toxic substances. As this contradicts most formal definitions of the term "toxin", it is important to confirm what the researcher means when encountering the term outside of microbiological contexts.
The man, however, has since recovered and left the hospital. It's strongly suspected the two were poisoned by aconite, an alkaloid toxin found in the raw roots and flowers of its namesake plant.
Palytoxin, PTX [3] or PLTX [4] is an intense vasoconstrictor, [1] and is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice. [5] Palytoxin is a polyhydroxylated and partially unsaturated compound (8 double bonds) with a long carbon chain.