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The history of poison [1] stretches from before 4500 BCE to the present day. Poisons have been used for many purposes across the span of human existence, most commonly as weapons, anti-venoms, and medicines. Poison has been heavily studied in toxicology, among other sciences, and its use has led to several technological innovations.
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC 50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or permanent injury), and/or exposure limits (TLV, TWA/PEL, STEL, or REL) determined by the ACGIH professional association.
1984, India. The Bhopal disaster (also known as Bhopal gas tragedy): A gas leak incident which led to at least 3,787 deaths. 1988, England. Camelford water pollution incident: The accidental contamination of the drinking water supply to 20,000 local people and up to 10,000 tourists of the town of Camelford with 20 tonnes of aluminium sulphate ...
Endotoxins most commonly refer to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipooligosaccharide (LOS) that are in the outer plasma membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The botulinum toxin , which is primarily produced by Clostridium botulinum and less frequently by other Clostridium species, is the most toxic substance known in the world. [ 1 ]
Pocahontas (d.1617) while it is not known what she died from poisoning is one theory. Yamada Nagamasa (d. 1630), Japanese adventurer; Marcy Clay (d. 1665), English thief and highwayrobber; Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1740), ate poisonous mushrooms; Johann Schobert (d. 1767), German composer; ate poisonous mushrooms believing them to be ...
The man, however, has since recovered and left the hospital. It's strongly suspected the two were poisoned by aconite, an alkaloid toxin found in the raw roots and flowers of its namesake plant.
Arsenic has been known since ancient times to be poisonous to humans. [16] However, a few species of bacteria are able to use arsenic compounds as respiratory metabolites. Trace quantities of arsenic have been proposed to be an essential dietary element in rats, hamsters, goats, and chickens. Research has not been conducted to determine whether ...
The Hanford Site is the most polluted area in the US, though cleanup started decades ago.. Estimates say it will take decades more and up to $640 billion to finish the job. The site just received ...