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Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene ...
Homology in psychology, as in biology, refers to a relationship between characteristics that reflects the characteristics' origins in either evolution or development. Homologous behaviors can theoretically be of at least two different varieties. [ 1 ]
Secondary homology is implied by parsimony analysis, where a character state that arises only once on a tree is taken to be homologous. [20] [21] As implied in this definition, many cladists consider secondary homology to be synonymous with synapomorphy, a shared derived character or trait state that distinguishes a clade from other organisms.
Homology (psychology), behavioral characteristics that have common origins in either evolution or development Homologous behaviors , behaviors typical of species that share a common ancestor that was characterized by that behavior OR behaviors in an individual that share common origins in development
The human cyclophilin family, as represented by the structures of the isomerase domains of some of its members. A protein family is a group of evolutionarily related proteins.In many cases, a protein family has a corresponding gene family, in which each gene encodes a corresponding protein with a 1:1 relationship.
Applying homology to each complex yields a sequence of homology groups = () = connected by homomorphisms induced by the inclusion maps of the underlying filtration. When homology is taken over a field , we get a sequence of vector spaces and linear maps known as a persistence module .
In the genomic branch of bioinformatics, homology is used to predict the function of a gene: if the sequence of gene A, whose function is known, is homologous to the sequence of gene B, whose function is unknown, one could infer that B may share A's function. In structural bioinformatics, homology is used to determine which parts of a protein ...
In topology, Borel−Moore homology or homology with closed support is a homology theory for locally compact spaces, introduced by Armand Borel and John Moore in 1960. [1] For reasonable compact spaces, Borel−Moore homology coincides with the usual singular homology. For non-compact spaces, each theory has its own advantages.