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Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, [1] [2] is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. [3] The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence , and the act of carrying out the sentence is known ...
The case for a large deterrent effect of capital punishment has been significantly strengthened since the 1990s, as a wave of sophisticated econometric studies have exploited a newly-available form of data, so-called panel data. [44] Most of the recent studies demonstrate statistically a deterrent effect of the death penalty.
Kemp, the United States supreme court acknowledged a "racially disproportionate impact" of capital punishment, but ultimately ruled that this was not enough to mitigate specific death penalty verdicts. [286] Another argument in the capital punishment debate is the cost. [282] [287]
The U.S. Supreme Court has issued numerous rulings on the use of capital punishment (the death penalty). While some rulings applied very narrowly, perhaps to only one individual, other cases have had great influence over wide areas of procedure, eligible crimes, acceptable evidence and method of execution.
It involves capital punishment, sending an offender to prison, or possibly restricting their freedom in the community, to protect society and prevent that person from committing further crimes. Incarceration , as the primary mechanism for incapacitation, is also used as to try to deter future offending.
The sociology of punishment seeks to understand why and how we punish. Punishment involves the intentional infliction of pain and/or the deprivation of rights and liberties. . Sociologists of punishment usually examine state-sanctioned acts in relation to law-breaking; for instance, why citizens give consent to the legitimation of acts of viole
Furthermore, capital punishment is a frequent practice to which totalitarian regimes and fanatical groups resort, for the extermination of political dissidents, minorities, and every individual labelled as “dangerous” or who might be perceived as a threat to their power or to the attainment of their objectives. As in the first centuries and ...
Some authors, such as John D. Bessler, argue that capital punishment is inherently a form of torture carried out for punishment. [110] [111] Executions may be carried out in brutal ways, such as stoning, death by burning, or dismemberment. [112] The psychological harm of capital punishment is sometimes considered a form of psychological torture ...