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Claude Shannon. The Shannon number, named after the American mathematician Claude Shannon, is a conservative lower bound of the game-tree complexity of chess of 10 120, based on an average of about 10 3 possibilities for a pair of moves consisting of a move for White followed by a move for Black, and a typical game lasting about 40 such pairs of moves.
Stockfish has been one of the strongest chess engines in the world for several years; [3] [4] [5] it has won all main events of the Top Chess Engine Championship (TCEC) and the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship (CCC) since 2020 and, as of 16 November 2024, is the strongest CPU chess engine in the world with an estimated Elo rating of 3642 ...
The "opening book" helps put the program in a good position and saves time. Shogi professionals, however, do not always follow an opening sequence as in chess, but make different moves to create good formation of pieces. The "search algorithm" looks ahead more deeply in a sequence of moves and allows the program to better evaluate a move.
Similarly, capturing moves are usually twice as valuable as noncapturing moves (of relevance for pieces that do not capture the same way they move). There also seems to be significant value in reaching different squares (e.g. ignoring the board edges, a king and knight both have 8 moves, but in one or two moves a knight can reach 40 squares ...
The meaning of the term "chess engine" has evolved over time. In 1986, Linda and Tony Scherzer entered their program Bebe into the 4th World Computer Chess Championship, running it on "Chess Engine," their brand name for the chess computer hardware [2] made, and marketed by their company Sys-10, Inc. [3] By 1990 the developers of Deep Blue, Feng-hsiung Hsu and Murray Campbell, were writing of ...
A chess rating system is a system used in chess to estimate the strength of a player, based on their performance versus other players. They are used by organizations such as FIDE, the US Chess Federation (USCF or US Chess), International Correspondence Chess Federation, and the English Chess Federation.
In AlphaZero's chess match against Stockfish 8 (2016 TCEC world champion), each program was given one minute per move. AlphaZero was flying the English flag, while Stockfish the Norwegian. [ 9 ] Stockfish was allocated 64 threads and a hash size of 1 GB, [ 2 ] a setting that Stockfish's Tord Romstad later criticized as suboptimal.
In chess, the Maróczy Gambit, is an opening line in the Fantasy Variation of the Caro–Kann Defence in which White sacrifices a pawn for a large lead in development and attacking chances. It begins with the moves 1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. f3 dxe4 4. fxe4 e5 5. Nf3 exd4 6. Bc4. White offers a pawn, aiming to exert pressure on Black's king and f-pawn.