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  2. Paleosalinity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleosalinity

    Of crucial importance for paleoclimatology is the observation that an increase in salinity will thus reduce the solubility of carbon dioxide in the oceans. Since there is thought to have been a 120 m depression in sea level at the last glacial maximum due to the extensive formation of ice sheets (which are solely freshwater), this represents a ...

  3. Salinity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity

    Annual mean sea surface salinity for the World Ocean. Data from the World Ocean Atlas 2009. [1] International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) standard seawater. Salinity (/ s ə ˈ l ɪ n ɪ t i /) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is ...

  4. Halocline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halocline

    In oceanography, a halocline (from Greek hals, halos 'salt' and klinein 'to slope') is a cline, a subtype of chemocline caused by a strong, vertical salinity gradient within a body of water. [1] Because salinity (in concert with temperature) affects the density of seawater, it can play a role in its vertical stratification.

  5. Haline contraction coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haline_contraction_coefficient

    At locations where salinity is high, as in the tropics, β is low and where salinity is low, β is high. A high β means that the increase in density is more than when β is low. This graph shows the 2020 average salinity in an intersection in the Atlantic ocean at 30W. The salinity is low near Antarctica and high in the tropics.

  6. Marine chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_chemistry

    Marine chemistry, also known as ocean chemistry or chemical oceanography, is the study of the chemical composition and processes of the world’s oceans, including the interactions between seawater, the atmosphere, the seafloor, and marine organisms. [2]

  7. Water column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_column

    Deep sea water column. The (oceanic) water column is a concept used in oceanography to describe the physical (temperature, salinity, light penetration) and chemical (pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrient salts) characteristics of seawater at different depths for a defined geographical point.

  8. Ocean stratification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_stratification

    The salinity is associated with the difference between evaporation and precipitation. [1] Ocean currents are important in moving fresh and saline waters around and in keeping a balance. Evaporation causes the water to become more saline, and hence denser. Precipitation has the opposite effect, since it decreases the density of the surface water.

  9. Shell growth in estuaries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_growth_in_estuaries

    Shell growth in estuaries is an aspect of marine biology that has attracted a number of scientific research studies. Many groups of marine organisms produce calcified exoskeletons, commonly known as shells, hard calcium carbonate structures which the organisms rely on for various specialized structural and defensive purposes.

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