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  2. Word embedding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_embedding

    In natural language processing, a word embedding is a representation of a word. The embedding is used in text analysis.Typically, the representation is a real-valued vector that encodes the meaning of the word in such a way that the words that are closer in the vector space are expected to be similar in meaning. [1]

  3. fastText - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastText

    Download as PDF; Printable version; ... fastText is a library for learning of word embeddings and text classification created by Facebook ... Neural Network; Natural ...

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  5. Word2vec - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word2vec

    The word with embeddings most similar to the topic vector might be assigned as the topic's title, whereas far away word embeddings may be considered unrelated. As opposed to other topic models such as LDA , top2vec provides canonical ‘distance’ metrics between two topics, or between a topic and another embeddings (word, document, or otherwise).

  6. Sentence embedding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_embedding

    In practice however, BERT's sentence embedding with the [CLS] token achieves poor performance, often worse than simply averaging non-contextual word embeddings. SBERT later achieved superior sentence embedding performance [8] by fine tuning BERT's [CLS] token embeddings through the usage of a siamese neural network architecture on the SNLI dataset.

  7. ELMo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELMo

    ELMo (embeddings from language model) is a word embedding method for representing a sequence of words as a corresponding sequence of vectors. [1] It was created by researchers at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence , [ 2 ] and University of Washington and first released in February, 2018.

  8. BERT (language model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BERT_(language_model)

    High-level schematic diagram of BERT. It takes in a text, tokenizes it into a sequence of tokens, add in optional special tokens, and apply a Transformer encoder. The hidden states of the last layer can then be used as contextual word embeddings. BERT is an "encoder-only" transformer architecture. At a high level, BERT consists of 4 modules:

  9. Word-sense disambiguation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word-sense_disambiguation

    [30] [31] [32] Even though most of traditional word-embedding techniques conflate words with multiple meanings into a single vector representation, they still can be used to improve WSD. [33] A simple approach to employ pre-computed word embeddings to represent word senses is to compute the centroids of sense clusters.