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For cables, the swapping is gradual and continuous; that is the two or three conductors are twisted around each other. For communication cables, this is called twisted pair . For overhead power lines or open pair communication lines, the conductors are exchanged at pylons, for example at transposition towers or at utility poles , respectively.
R and L are elements in series with the line (because they are properties of the conductor) and C and G are elements shunting the line (because they are properties of the dielectric material between the conductors). G represents leakage current through the dielectric and in most cables is very small. The word loop is used to emphasise that the ...
In electrical engineering, star-quad cable is a four-conductor electrical cable that has a special quadrupole geometry which provides magnetic immunity when used in a balanced line. [1] Four conductors are used to carry the two legs of the balanced line. All four conductors must be an equal distance from a common point (usually the center of ...
Twisted-pair cabling was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1881. [4] By 1900, the entire American telephone network was either twisted pair or open wire with transposition to guard against interference. Today, most of the twisted pairs in the world are outdoor landlines, owned and maintained by telephone companies, used for voice service.
Twisted pairs are commonly used for terrestrial telephone communications. In such cables, many pairs are grouped together in a single cable, from two to several thousand. [22] The format is also used for data network distribution inside buildings, but the cable is more expensive because the transmission line parameters are tightly controlled.
The 25-pair color code, originally known as even-count color code, [1] is a color code used to identify individual conductors in twisted-pair wiring for telecommunications. Color coding [ edit ]
Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of improving electromagnetic compatibility. Compared to a single conductor or an untwisted balanced pair , a twisted pair reduces electromagnetic radiation from the pair and crosstalk between neighboring pairs and improves ...
Category 6 cable (Cat 6) is a standardized twisted pair cable for Ethernet and other network physical layers that is backward compatible with the Category 5/5e and Category 3 cable standards. Cat 6 must meet more stringent specifications for crosstalk and system noise than Cat 5 and Cat 5e. The cable standard specifies performance of up to 250 ...