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For cables, the swapping is gradual and continuous; that is the two or three conductors are twisted around each other. For communication cables, this is called twisted pair . For overhead power lines or open pair communication lines, the conductors are exchanged at pylons, for example at transposition towers or at utility poles , respectively.
Twisted-pair cabling was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1881. [4] By 1900, the entire American telephone network was either twisted pair or open wire with transposition to guard against interference. Today, most of the twisted pairs in the world are outdoor landlines, owned and maintained by telephone companies, used for voice service.
R and L are elements in series with the line (because they are properties of the conductor) and C and G are elements shunting the line (because they are properties of the dielectric material between the conductors). G represents leakage current through the dielectric and in most cables is very small. The word loop is used to emphasise that the ...
The pattern then starts over with the first 25-pair group as white/blue, and continues indefinitely, in multiples of 600 pairs or parts thereof. For example, a 900-pair cable has the first 600 pairs in 24 groups of 25 pairs in a white binder, and the remaining 300 pairs in 12 groups of 25 pairs wrapped in a red binder. [5] [6]
The 20-pair colour code is a colour code used in Australia to identify individual conductors in a kind of electrical telecommunication wiring for indoor use, known as twisted pair cables. The colours are applied to the insulation that covers each conductor. The first colour is chosen from one group of five colours.
In North America no adapter is needed for certain uses: With ports wired in the preferred standard T568A pattern, for the 6P2C plugs most commonly used for single-line phone equipment (e.g. with RJ11), and 6P4C plugs used for two-line phones without power (e.g. with RJ14) and single-line phones with power (again RJ11), telephone connections are ...
The technique sends the same electrical signal as a differential pair of signals, each in its own conductor. The pair of conductors can be wires in a twisted-pair or ribbon cable or traces on a printed circuit board. Electrically, the two conductors carry voltage signals which are equal in magnitude, but of opposite polarity. The receiving ...
Several types of transmission line exist, and any of them can be used to construct distributed-element circuits. The oldest (and still most widely used) is a pair of conductors; its most common form is twisted pair, used for telephone lines and Internet connections. It is not often used for distributed-element circuits because the frequencies ...