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IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), formerly known as IgG4-related systemic disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by tissue infiltration with lymphocytes and IgG4-secreting plasma cells, various degrees of fibrosis (scarring) and a usually prompt response to oral steroids.
The diagnosis of IgG4-related prostatitis could be made from histological examination if prostate biopsy or surgery has been performed. [6] The hallmark histopathological features of established IgG4-related disease are storiform fibrosis, a dense lymphoplasmacytic (lymphocytes and plasma cells) infiltrate rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells, and obliterative phlebitis.
IgG4-related autoimmune diseases are characterized by excessive fibrosis. In case of Riedel's thyroiditis, fibrosis extends beyond the capsule and involves contiguous neck structures, clinically simulating thyroid carcinoma. There is a rapid thyroid enlargement. Compression of trachea, dysphagia are probable outcomes.
IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is the recommended term to describe orbital (eye socket) manifestations of the systemic condition IgG4-related disease, [2] which is characterised by infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells and subsequent fibrosis in involved structures. It can involve one or more of the orbital structures.
IgG deficiency is a form of dysgammaglobulinemia where the proportional levels of the IgG isotype are reduced relative to other immunoglobulin isotypes.. IgG deficiency is often found in children as transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy, which may occur with or without additional decreases in IgA or IgM.
In more recent times, the terms "Mikulicz's disease" and "Mikulicz's syndrome" were viewed as ambiguous and outdated by some sources. [3] Today Mikulicz's disease is considered to be a subtype of IgG4-related disease, usually accompanied by involvement of one or more other organs in the body. [4]
Experts say vehicle-based attacks are simple for a 'lone wolf' terrorist to plan and execute, and challenging for authorities to prevent.
IgG4-related disease has more recently been identified as a cause of aortitis, and also as a cause of periaortitis (inflammation surrounding the aorta). [3] There is a wide range of symptoms that are dependent on the location of the aortic inflammation or associated disorder.