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Energy efficiency in transport can be measured in L/100 km or miles per gallon (mpg). This can be normalized per vehicle, as in fuel economy in automobiles, or per seat, as for example in fuel economy in aircraft.
There are both smaller and larger tank containers, which usually have a size different from the ISO standard sizes. For example, there are some 27,000 liters (5,900 imp gal; 7,100 U.S. gal) and above litre tank containers in the European swap body fleets in Europe but they are not used on international business only on intra European traffic.
Traditionally, litres per mil were used in Norway and Sweden, but both have aligned to the EU standard of L/100 km. [1] Fuel consumption is a more accurate measure of a vehicle's performance because it is a linear relationship while fuel economy leads to distortions in efficiency improvements. [2]
By 2010 this had increased to 23.0 miles per US gallon (10.2 L/100 km; 27.6 mpg ‑imp). Average fuel economy in the United States gradually declined until 1973, when it reached a low of 13.4 miles per US gallon (17.6 L/100 km; 16.1 mpg ‑imp) and gradually has increased since, as a result of higher fuel cost. [25]
A conversion chart for MPG (miles per gallon) to litres/100km. Note: the gallons used are IMPERIAL. Converion caculations done with this online converter tool. Date: 11 October 2007: Source: Own work: Author: Trounce
On 7 April 1795, the metric system was formally defined in French law using six units. Three of these are related to volume: the stère (1 m 3) for volume of firewood; the litre (1 dm 3) for volumes of liquid; and the gramme, for mass—defined as the mass of one cubic centimetre of water at the temperature of melting ice. [10]
Concorde, a supersonic transport, managed about 17 passenger-miles to the Imperial gallon, which is 16.7 L/100 km per passenger; similar to a business jet, but much worse than a subsonic turbofan aircraft. Airbus states a fuel rate consumption of their A380 at less than 3 L/100 km per passenger (78 passenger-miles per US gallon). [52]
Tank trucks are described by their size or volume capacity. Large trucks typically have capacities ranging from 21,000 to 44,000 litres (5,500 to 11,600 US gal; 4,600 to 9,700 imp gal). In Australia, road trains up to four trailers in length (known as Quad tankers) carry loads in excess of 120,000 litres (32,000 US gal; 26,000 imp gal). Longer ...