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The Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex is a protected wildlife refuge administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service located on Hawaiʻi Island (commonly known as the Big Island) in the state of Hawaii. [1] It consists of Hakalau Forest on the windward side of Mauna Kea and Kona Forest on the western side of Mauna Loa. [2]
In 1997, the Fish and Wildlife Service purchased an additional 5,300 acres (21 km 2) of land to create the Kona Forest Unit of Hakalau Forest NWR. The Kona Forest Unit includes lands within the Hoʻokena and Kalahiki land divisions on the western slopes of Mauna Loa , at elevations of 2,000–6,000 ft (610–1,830 m).
They are part of the Hawaii State Seabird Sanctuary and activities on them as well as off-limit areas on them are regulated by law. [2] Specifically, the smaller islet, Moku Iki, is off-limits to visitors, as is the interior of Moku Nui. Also, no pets are allowed. Many birds nest in ground burrows on the islands.
In the rainy winter season, high water levels enlarge the freshwater pond to more than 400 acres (1.6 km 2). [7] [8] By spring, water levels begin dropping [9] and by summer, the pond shrinks to half its winter size, leaving a salty residue behind: this accounts for its name, "Kealia", meaning "salt encrusted place"; [7] Coastal salt pans once produced the mineral from seawater. [4]
It was built in the mid-19th century, and evolved over the years into the Hawaii Belt Road which encircles the entire island. The coastal trail is part of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail. The Honokōhau boat harbor provides a launching area for traditional canoes, fishing boats, Scuba diving and snorkeling tours of the area.
James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge lies at the northernmost tip of the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu, between the town of Kahuku to the east and Turtle Bay to the west. It serves as a strategic landfall for migratory birds coming from as far away as Alaska, New Zealand, and Asia. The refuge is divided into two units, Punamano and Kiʻi.
The sanctuary encompasses 1,400 square miles (3,600 km 2) in the islands' waters.It was designated by United States Congress on November 4, 1992, as a National Marine Sanctuary to protect the endangered North Pacific humpback whale and its habitat [2] The sanctuary promotes management, research, education and long-term monitoring.
Hawaiʻi Nickname: The Big Island, Moku o Keawe, The Orchid Isle Landsat mosaic, 1999–2001 Location in the state of Hawaii Geography Location North Pacific Ocean Coordinates 19°36′N 155°30′W / 19.6°N 155.5°W / 19.6; -155.5 Area 4,028 sq mi (10,430 km 2) Area rank Largest Hawaiian Island Highest elevation 13,803 ft (4207.2 m) Highest point Mauna Kea Administration United ...
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