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An artist's representation of how some people may see phosphenes by retinal stimulation. A phosphene is the phenomenon of seeing light without light entering the eye.The word phosphene comes from the Greek words phos (light) and phainein (to show).
The rhinarium is a separate sense organ: it is a touch-based chemosensory organ that connects with a well-developed vomeronasal organ (VNO). The rhinarium is used to touch a scent -marked object containing pheromones (usually large, non-volatile molecules), and transfer these pheromone molecules down the philtrum to the VNO via the nasopalatine ...
It interprets information from visible light to build a representation of the world. The ganglion cells of the retina project in an orderly fashion to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus and from there to the primary visual cortex (V1); adjacent spots on the retina are represented by adjacent neurons in the lateral geniculate ...
Pain also causes a behavioral change in the body, which is proportional to the intensity of the pain. The feeling is recorded by sensory receptors on the skin and travels to the central nervous system , where it is integrated and a decision on how to respond is made; if it is decided that a response must be made, a signal is sent back down to a ...
To perceive a light stimulus, the eye must first refract the light so that it directly hits the retina. Refraction in the eye is completed through the combined efforts of the cornea, lens and iris. The transduction of light into neural activity occurs via the photoreceptor cells in the retina.
“Another meaning of an itchy nose is that an unexpected visitor or new acquaintance is poised to enter your life very soon,” Arbeau tells Parade. “Paying attention to your surroundings and ...
Bipolar cells come in two varieties, having either an on-center or an off-center receptive field, each with a surround of the opposite sign. The off-center bipolar cells have excitatory synaptic connections with the photoreceptors, which fire continuously in the dark and are hyperpolarized (suppressed) by light.
In contrast, the other sense, touch, is a somatic sense which does not have a specialized organ but comes from all over the body, most noticeably the skin but also the internal organs . Touch includes mechanoreception (pressure, vibration and proprioception ), pain ( nociception ) and heat ( thermoception ), and such information is carried in ...