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Titanium dental implants. Titanium was first introduced into surgeries in the 1950s after having been used in dentistry for a decade prior. [1] It is now the metal of choice for prosthetics, internal fixation, inner body devices, and instrumentation. Titanium is used from head to toe in biomedical implants.
An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. For example, an implant may be a rod, used to strengthen weak bones. Medical implants are human-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical ...
The medical implant is mainly fabricated using stainless steel and titanium alloys for strength and the plastic coating that is done on it acts as an artificial cartilage. [2] The biodegradable metals in this category are magnesium-based [3] and iron-based alloys, though recently zinc has also been investigated. [4]
It is a common choice for biomedical implants, as well as body piercings and body modification implants. [4] Immune system reaction to nickel is a potential complication of stainless steel usage within the human body. [5] [6] There are nickel-free nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel alloys available which address this concern. [7]
TAV-ELI is the most commonly used medical implant-grade titanium alloy. [29] [31] Due to its excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, and low modulus of elasticity, which closely matches human bone, [32] TAV-ELI is the most commonly used medical implant-grade titanium alloy. [33]
Cobalt-chrome disc with dental bridges and crowns manufactured using WorkNC Dental. Cobalt-chrome or cobalt-chromium (CoCr) is a metal alloy of cobalt and chromium.Cobalt-chrome has a very high specific strength and is commonly used in gas turbines, dental implants, and orthopedic implants.
Metal implants containing a combination of biocompatible metals or used in conjunction with other biomaterials are often considered the standard for many implant types. Passivation is a process that removes corrosive implant elements from the implant-body interface and creates an oxide layer on the surface of the implant.
It is the same advantage that bioresorbable metals possess over non-degradable current materials, their biodegradability, that poses the greatest challenges to their development and wider use. The degradable nature of any implant means that their shape and thus mechanical properties will change through its lifetime.