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Furthermore, in Kugle's reading, the Quran "implies that some people are different in their sexual desires than others." Thus, homosexuality can be seen as part of the "natural diversity in sexuality in human societies." This is the way "gay and lesbian Muslims" view their homosexuality. [65]: 194–196
Khaled El-Rouayheb, who wrote Before Homosexuality in the Arab‐Islamic World, 1500–1800, believed that Islamic Homosexualities's depiction of same-sex behavior in the Arab and Islamic world was "homosexual" when such behavior was not homosexual, and El-Rouayheb argued that the depiction of the same-sex behavior in Islamic Homosexualities ...
"Review of Homosexuality in Islam: Critical Reflection on Gay, Lesbian and Transgender Muslims". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 38 (1): 130– 133. ISSN 1353-0194. MacIver, Erin (July 2013). "Homosexuality in Islam: critical reflection on gay, lesbian and transgender Muslims". Culture, Health & Sexuality. 15 (sup1): 108– 110.
In conservative Islamic nations, laws generally prohibit same-sex sexual behaviour, and interpretation of Sharia Law on male homosexuality carries the death penalty. [318] This has been condemned as a violation of human rights by human rights organisation Amnesty International and by the writers of the Yogyakarta principles .
El-Rouayheb stated that the importation of European attitudes against homosexuality, which began in the 19th century, affected the view of homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic world. [7] There are a total of 37 pages of footnotes in both English and Arabic. [8] The work includes English translations of Muslim jurists's legal opinions.
A mufti advises a woman whose son-in-law cannot consummate his marriage (Ottoman illustration, 1721).. Sexuality in Islam contains a wide range of views and laws, which are largely predicated on the Quran, and the sayings attributed to Muhammad and the rulings of religious leaders confining sexual activity to marital relationships between men and women.
Islamic views on homosexuality are also influenced by the rulings prescribed by the Quran and the teachings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. [18] [72] The mainstream interpretation of some Quranic verses and hadith condemn sexual acts between members of the same sex, along with most forms of extramarital relations.
Arab and Muslim views of homosexuality as a purely "Western" creation have been explored in the film Dangerous Living: Coming Out in the Developing World. The starting line of the dialogue spoken by an as yet unseen gay Egyptian man stating "I was accused of being Westernized." [58]