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The practice of matrilineal descent differs by denomination. Each denomination has protocols for conversion to Judaism for those who are not Jewish by birth. The State of Israel adheres to the Jewish law of matrilineal descent for matters which could affect Israeli family law. [6]
Matrilineality in Judaism or matrilineal descent in Judaism is the tracing of Jewish descent through the maternal line. Close to all Jewish communities have followed matrilineal descent from at least early Tannaitic (c. 10–70 CE) times through modern times. [109] The origins and date-of-origin of matrilineal descent in Judaism are uncertain.
As opposed to the religion of Judaism and its formative role in shaping Jewish identity, and the slow formation of a sense of Jewish nationality from Ezra and Nehemiah down to the Hasmoneans [10] and onwards, [11] theories on the ethnic origins of Jews, and what constitutes ‘Jewish ness’ [12] [13] have been questioned and the traditional ...
Jewish populations, and particularly the large Ashkenazi Jewish population, are ideal for such research studies, because they exhibit a high degree of endogamy, and at the same time are a large group. Jewish populations are overwhelmingly urban and are concentrated near biomedical centers where such research has been carried out.
Jewish status is determined by matrilineal descent, thus conferring levitical status onto children requires both biological parents to be Israelites and the biological father to be a Levite. Accordingly, there is currently no branch of Judaism that regards levitical status as conferrable by matrilineal descent.
Based on Jewish law's emphasis on matrilineal descent, religiously conservative Orthodox Jewish authorities would accept an atheist born to a Jewish mother as fully Jewish. [1] A 2011 study found that half of all American Jews have doubts about the existence of God , compared to 10–15% of other American religious groups.
Zera Yisrael (Hebrew: זרע ישראל, lit. 'Seed [of] Israel'), known also as Zera Kadosh (lit. ' Seed [of] Holiness ') is a legal category in Halakha that denotes the blood descendants of Jews who, for one reason or another, are not legally Jewish according to religious criteria.
The Kohen hypothesis was first tested through DNA analysis in 1997 by Karl Skorecki and collaborators from Haifa, Israel.In their study, "Y chromosomes of Jewish priests", published in the journal Nature, [14] they found that the Kohanim appeared to share a different probability distribution compared to the rest of the Jewish population for the two Y-chromosome markers they tested (YAP and DYS19).