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The Mali Empire (Manding: Mandé [3] or Manden Duguba; [4] [5] Arabic: مالي, romanized: Mālī) was an empire in West Africa from c. 1226 to 1670. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita ( c. 1214 – c. 1255 ) and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa (Musa Keita).
The history of the Mali Empire begins when the first Mande people entered the Manding region during the period of the Ghana Empire. After its fall, the various tribes established independent chiefdoms. In the 12th century, these were briefly conquered by the Sosso Empire under Soumaoro Kante.
The Mali Empire started in 1230 and was the largest empire in West Africa and profoundly influenced the culture of West Africa through the spread of its language, laws and customs. [15] Until the 19th century, Timbuktu remained important as an outpost at the southwestern fringe of the Muslim world and a hub of the trans-Saharan slave trade .
The university taught much more than Islamic studies, though, including topics of history, rhetoric, law, science, and, most notably, medicine. Mansa Mūsā also introduced Timbuktu, and the Mali Empire in general, to the rest of the Medieval world through his Hajj, as his time in Mecca would soon inspire Arab travelers to visit North Africa.
An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant centre and subordinate peripheries". [2] There were many kingdoms and empires in all regions of the continent of Africa throughout history. States emerged in a process covering many ...
The tale of the wealth of the Mansa of Mali spread far around the globe, making the Malian Empire one of the most famous African empires of its time—even being featured on ancient European maps. Mansa Musa has been claimed to have been the richest person to have ever lived, with an estimated net worth adjusted for inflation of $400 billion ...
Approximate extent of the Mali Empire, next to the Songhai Empire, c. 1350. 1440 — 1490 The empire on the defensive. The Portuguese; Songhai hegemony; Tengela War; 1500 — 1600 Collapse of the Mali empire. Songhay hegemony in the Sahel; The Songhay respite and the battle for Bambuk; The Rise of the Kaabu Empire; The Sack of Niani; Further losses
The Mali Empire later formed on the upper Niger River, and reached the height of power in the 14th century. [40] Under the Mali Empire, the ancient cities of Djenné and Timbuktu were centers of both trade and Islamic learning. [40] The empire later declined as a result of internal intrigue, ultimately being supplanted by the Songhai Empire. [40]