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Methylxanthines are chemical compounds which are derivatives of xanthine with one or more methyl groups, including: One methyl group: 1-Methylxanthine;
Xanthine (/ ˈ z æ n θ iː n / or / ˈ z æ n θ aɪ n /, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós ' yellow ' for its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms. [2]
The characteristic signals, distinguishing theophylline from related methylxanthines, are approximately 3.23δ and 3.41δ, corresponding to the unique methylation possessed by theophylline. The remaining proton signal, at 8.01δ, corresponds to the proton on the imidazole ring, not transferred between the nitrogen.
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most commonly consumed psychoactive substance globally. [9] [10] It is mainly used for its eugeroic (wakefulness promoting), ergogenic (physical performance-enhancing), or nootropic (cognitive-enhancing) properties.
IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine), like other methylxanthine derivatives, is both a: . competitive non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor [1] which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNFα [2] [3] and leukotriene [4] synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity, [4] and
The primary mechanism of action for theobromine inside the body is inhibition of adenosine receptors. [5] ... caffeine, paraxanthine, and 7-methylxanthine, ...
Methylxanthines activate histone deacetylases, promoting the deacetylation of histone and subsequent DNA folding. This inhibits the synthesis of pro-inflammatory factors that induce asthma attacks and exacerbations, achieving anti-inflammatory effects. [19] For asthma maintenance therapy, methylxanthines are taken orally. [2]
A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. [3] Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.