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Controls for the reclosers range from the original electromechanical systems to digital electronics with metering and SCADA functions. The ratings of reclosers run from 2.4–38 kV for load currents from 10–1200 A and fault currents from 1–16 kA. [7] [8] On a 3-phase circuit, a recloser is more beneficial than three separate fuse cutouts.
While the recloser does in fact help to break up distribution circuits into smaller, more manageable pieces, many protection schemes involving circuit breakers in distribution substations also apply reclosing to some extent, thus not "blacking out" the circuit and requiring a crew go to the station and reset a lockout.
A 115 kV to 41.6/12.47 kV 5 MVA 60 Hz substation with circuit switcher, regulators, reclosers and control building at Warren, Minnesota. It shows elements of low-profile construction, with apparatus mounted on individual columns. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system.
Some recent IEDs are designed to support the IEC61850 standard for substation automation, which provides interoperability and advanced communications capabilities. IEDs are used as a more modern alternative to, or a complement of, setup with traditional remote terminal units (RTUs). Unlike the RTUs, IEDs are integrated with the devices they ...
Power-system automation is the act of automatically controlling the power system via instrumentation and control devices.Substation automation refers to using data from Intelligent electronic devices (IED), control and automation capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote users to control power-system devices.
An HVDC converter station (or simply converter station) is a specialised type of substation which forms the terminal equipment for a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line. [1] It converts direct current to alternating current or the reverse. In addition to the converter, the station usually contains:
Reclosers are commonly used to divide up the grid into smaller sections that will automatically, and quickly, re-energize the branch as soon as the fault condition (a tree branch on lines for instance) clears. There is some concern that the reclosers may not re-energize in the case of an island or that an intervening loss of synchrony might ...
Most faults (overcurrent) are transient. Since the network is rural, most of these faults will be cleared by the recloser. Each service site needs a rewirable drop out fuse for protection and switching of the transformer. The transformer secondary should also be protected by a standard high-rupture capacity (HRC) fuse or low voltage circuit ...