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2. Geographic information system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Information_System

   Geographic information systems (GISs) and geographic information science (GIScience) combine computer-mapping capabilities with additional database management and data analysis tools. Commercial GIS systems are very powerful and have touched many applications and industries, including environmental science , urban planning , agricultural ...

3. Map - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map

   Geographic maps use a projection to translate the three-dimensional real surface of the geoid to a two-dimensional picture. Projection always distorts the surface. There are many ways to apportion the distortion, and so there are many map projections. Which projection to use depends on the purpose of the map. [5]

4. Geopositioning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopositioning

   Geopositioning is the process of determining or estimating the geographic position of an object or a person. [1] Geopositioning yields a set of geographic coordinates (such as latitude and longitude ) in a given map datum .

5. Geographic information system software - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information...

   Generic Mapping Tools – A collection of command-line tools for manipulating geographic and Cartesian data sets and producing PostScript illustrations. FalconView – A mapping system created by the Georgia Tech Research Institute for Windows. A free, open source version is available. Kalypso – Uses Java and GML3. Focuses mainly on numerical ...

6. Geographic data and information - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_data_and...

   There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data. Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced , such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling .

7. Web mapping - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_mapping

   Web mapping or an online mapping is the process of using, creating, and distributing maps on the World Wide Web (the Web), usually through the use of Web geographic information systems (Web GIS). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A web map or an online map is both served and consumed, thus, web mapping is more than just web cartography , it is a service where ...

8. Georeferencing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georeferencing

   Georeferencing or georegistration is a type of coordinate transformation that binds a digital raster image or vector database that represents a geographic space (usually a scanned map or aerial photograph) to a spatial reference system, thus locating the digital data in the real world.

9. Computer cartography - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_cartography

   Computer cartography is one of the main functions of geographic information systems (GIS), however, GIS is not necessary to facilitate computer cartography and has functions beyond just making maps. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The first peer-reviewed publications on using computers to help in the cartographic process predate the introduction of full GIS by ...