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The spinal cord executes rhythmical and sequential activation of muscles in locomotion. The central pattern generator (CPG) provides the basic locomotor rhythm and synergies by integrating commands from various sources that serve to initiate or modulate its output to meet the requirements of the environment.
Jones's publications included the Nautilus Bulletins, which dispelled contemporary myths of exercise and resistance training. He also wrote and published "The Cervical Spine, Lumbar Spine And The Knee," which provided for the first time a complete description of the function of the lumbar spine and its true range of motion [citation needed].
He is well known for the Sonntag-Dickman Fusion, a special method of fusing the upper cervical spine. [20] [21] He was as a Scientific Reviewer and Chairman of the Scientific Program Committees of the North American Spine Society (NASS) [22] [7] and the Joint Spine Section of the AANS and CNS (1996). [23] In 2015, Dickman retired from ...
The McKenzie method is a technique primarily used in physical therapy.It was developed in the late 1950s by New Zealand physiotherapist Robin McKenzie. [1] [2] [3] In 1981 he launched the concept which he called "Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT)" – a system encompassing assessment, diagnosis and treatment for the spine and extremities.
Lumbar, cervical and thoracic chiropractic spinal manipulation. In the late 19th century in North America, therapies including osteopathy and chiropractic became popular. [8] Spinal manipulation gained mainstream recognition during the 1980s. [1] In this system, hands are used to manipulate, massage or otherwise influence the spine and related ...
Principle I: When the spine is in neutral, sidebending to one side will be accompanied by horizontal rotation to the opposite side. [2] This law is observed in type I somatic dysfunction, where more than one vertebra is out of alignment and cannot be returned to neutral by flexion or extension of the vertebrae. The involved group of vertebrae ...
Central pattern generators also contribute to locomotion in humans. In 1994, Calancie, et al. described the "first well-defined example of a central rhythm generator for stepping in the adult human." The subject was a 37-year-old male who suffered an injury to the cervical spinal cord 17 years prior.
There are multiple devices that can be used in addition to avoiding maneuvers or activities that move the spine. [8] [18] Long-term cervical spine immobilization in patients with cervical spine fracture who did not undergo surgery can be performed using a long-term cervical collar (Miami J, [6] [8] Philadelphia, [8] or Aspen [8]) or halo ...
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