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Another type of thermal switch is a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistor; these thermistors have a "cutting off" temperature at which the resistance suddenly rises rapidly, limiting the current through the circuit. When used in conjunction with a thermistor relay, the PTC will switch off an electrical system at a desired temperature.
(High-power circuit breakers are synchronized to the alternating current zero crossing to minimize arcing.) [citation needed] While the power is unstable during the fault, it is not completely disconnected. After the faulting branch is disconnected, the fault current limiter automatically returns to normal operation. [citation needed]
An inrush current limiter is a device or devices combination used to limit inrush current. Passive resistive components such as resistors (with power dissipation drawback), or negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors are simple options while the positive one (PTC) is used to limit max current afterward as the circuit has been operating (with cool-down time drawback on both).
Where two voltages are given below separated by "/", the first is the root-mean-square voltage between a phase and the neutral connector, whereas the second is the corresponding root-mean-square voltage between two phases (exception: the category shown below called "One Phase", where 240 V is the root-mean-square voltage between the two legs of a split phase).
Reactive Power Control in AC Power Systems: Fundamentals and Current Issues. Springer. pp. 117– 136. ISBN 978-3-319-51118-4. OCLC 1005810845. Kundur, Prabha (22 January 1994). "Reactive Power and Voltage Control" (PDF). Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 627– 687. ISBN 978-0-07-035958-1. OCLC 1054007373.
Electrical machines are usually designed with an average temperature below the rated hot-spot temperature to allow for acceptable life. Insulation does not suddenly fail if the hot-spot temperature is reached, but useful operating life declines rapidly; a rule of thumb is a halving of life for every 10 °C temperature increase.
The resulting voltage drop from the operating resistance and the power consumption of the thermistor must be taken into account. Inrush current limiting thermistors are usually disk-shaped, with a radial lead on each side. NTC resistor power handling is proportional to its size. NTC resistors are rated according to their resistance at room ...
An automotive wiring diagram, showing useful information such as crimp connection locations and wire colors. These details may not be so easily found on a more schematic drawing. A wiring diagram is a simplified conventional pictorial representation of an electrical circuit. It shows the components of the circuit as simplified shapes, and the ...