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Since exponential completion times are characteristic of a two-state Markov process, this observation makes kinetic proofreading one of only a few examples of biochemical processes where structural complexity results in a much simpler large-scale, phenomenological dynamics.
A scenario is a set of related concepts pertinent to the origin of life (abiogenesis), such as the iron-sulfur world. Many alternative abiogenesis scenarios have been proposed by scientists in a variety of fields from the 1950s onwards in an attempt to explain how the complex mechanisms of life could have come into existence. These include ...
A total of 6.1 million prokaryotic genes from Bacteria and Archaea were sequenced, identifying 355 protein clusters from among 286,514 protein clusters that were probably common to the LUCA. The results suggest that the LUCA was anaerobic with a Wood–Ljungdahl (reductive Acetyl-CoA) pathway, nitrogen- and carbon-fixing, thermophilic.
Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which is due to the expansion of repeated trinucleotide sequence CAG in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene (HTT). This gene is responsible for encoding the protein huntingtin which plays a role in preventing apoptosis, [31] otherwise known as cell death, and repair of oxidative DNA damage. [32]
The junkyard tornado, sometimes known as Hoyle's fallacy, is a fallacious argument formulated by Fred Hoyle against Earth-based abiogenesis and in favor of panspermia.The junkyard tornado argument has been taken out of its original context by theists to argue for intelligent design, and has since become a mainstay in the rejection of evolution by religious groups, even though Fred Hoyle ...
In trying to uncover the intermediate stages of abiogenesis, scientist Sidney W. Fox in the 1950s and 1960s, studied the spontaneous formation of peptide structures under conditions that might plausibly have existed early in Earth's history. [3]: 199–201 He demonstrated that amino acids could spontaneously form small chains called peptides ...
The LUCA probably existed at latest 3.6 billion years ago, and possibly as early as 4.3 billion years ago [2] or earlier. The nature of this point or stage of divergence remains a topic of research. All earlier forms of life preceding this divergence and all extant organisms are generally thought to share common ancestry. On the basis of a ...
Irreducible complexity (IC) is the argument that certain biological systems with multiple interacting parts would not function if one of the parts were removed, so supposedly could not have evolved by successive small modifications from earlier less complex systems through natural selection, which would need all intermediate precursor systems to have been fully functional. [1]