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The same team demonstrated in 2017 the first creation of a Bose–Einstein condensate in space [73] and it is also the subject of two upcoming experiments on the International Space Station. [74] [75] Researchers in the new field of atomtronics use the properties of Bose–Einstein condensates in the emerging quantum technology of matter-wave ...
Bose and Einstein extended the idea to atoms and this led to the prediction of the existence of phenomena which became known as Bose–Einstein condensate, a dense collection of bosons (which are particles with integer spin, named after Bose), which was demonstrated to exist by experiment in 1995.
Satyendra Nath Bose FRS, MP [1] (/ ˈ b oʊ s /; [4] [a] 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian theoretical physicist and mathematician.He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics, and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate.
The thermodynamics of an ideal Bose gas is best calculated using the grand canonical ensemble.The grand potential for a Bose gas is given by: = = (). where each term in the sum corresponds to a particular single-particle energy level ε i; g i is the number of states with energy ε i; z is the absolute activity (or "fugacity"), which may also be expressed in terms of the chemical ...
Within a Bose–Einstein condensate a light pulse is compressed by a factor of 50 million, without losing any of the information stored within it. In this Bose–Einstein condensate, information encoded in a light pulse can be transferred to the atom waves. Because all the atoms move coherently, the information does not dissolve into random noise.
The study of spinor condensates was initiated in 1998 by experimental groups at JILA [3] and MIT. [4] These experiments utilised 23 Na and 87 Rb atoms, respectively. In contrast to most prior experiments on ultracold gases, these experiments utilised a purely optical trap, which is spin-insensitive.
While initially it was used mainly to explain the functioning of masers and lasers, it was soon realized that it had important applications in other fields of physics, as well: under appropriate conditions quantum coherence leads to Bose–Einstein condensation. As the names suggest Bose–Einstein correlations and Bose–Einstein condensation ...
Bose–Einstein condensation can occur in quasiparticles, particles that are effective descriptions of collective excitations in materials. Some have integer spins and can be expected to obey Bose–Einstein statistics like traditional particles. Conditions for condensation of various quasiparticles have been predicted and observed.