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A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity ranging from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion) to severe traumatic brain injury. [ 5 ] TBI can also be characterized based on mechanism (closed or penetrating head ...
Acquired brain injury (ABI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), focal or diffuse, primary and secondary. Brain injury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain injuries occur due to a wide range of internal and external factors. In general, brain damage refers to significant, undiscriminating trauma-induced damage.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI, physical trauma to the brain) can cause a variety of complications, health effects that are not TBI themselves but that result from it. The risk of complications increases with the severity of the trauma; [1] however even mild traumatic brain injury can result in disabilities that interfere with social interactions, employment, and everyday living. [2]
Immunoreactive axonal profiles are observed as either granular (B, G, H) or more elongated, fusiform (F) swellings in the corpus callosum and the brain stem (H) at 24h post traumatic brain injury. Example of APP immunoreactive neurons (arrow heads) observed in the cortex underneath the impact site (E, G). No APP staining was observed in healthy ...
The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) is an ordinal scale used to assess functional outcomes of patients following brain injury. It considers several factors, including a patient's level of consciousness, ability to carry out activities of daily living (ADLs), and ability to return to work or school.
A catastrophic injury is a severe injury to the spine, spinal cord, or brain. [ 1 ] It may also include skull or spinal fractures. [ 2 ] This is a subset of the definition for the legal term catastrophic injury, which is based on the definition used by the American Medical Association. The National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research ...
Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people. [1][2] Overall, closed-head injuries and other forms of mild ...