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  2. Hard problem of consciousness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_problem_of_consciousness

    Hard problem of consciousness. In the philosophy of mind, the hard problem of consciousness is to explain why and how humans and other organisms have qualia, phenomenal consciousness, or subjective experience. [1][2] It is contrasted with the "easy problems" of explaining why and how physical systems give a (healthy) human being the ability to ...

  3. Consciousness Explained - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness_Explained

    Consciousness Explained. Consciousness Explained is a 1991 book by the American philosopher Daniel Dennett, in which the author offers an account of how consciousness arises from interaction of physical and cognitive processes in the brain. Dennett describes consciousness as an account of the various calculations occurring in the brain at close ...

  4. The Conscious Mind - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conscious_Mind

    978-0195117899. The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory was published in 1996, and is the first book written by David Chalmers, an Australian philosopher specialising in philosophy of mind. Although the book has been greatly influential, Chalmers maintains that it is "far from perfect", as most of it was written as part of his PhD ...

  5. List of philosophical problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical_problems

    The hard problem of consciousness is the question of what consciousness is and why we have consciousness as opposed to being philosophical zombies. The adjective "hard" is to contrast with the "easy" consciousness problems, which seek to explain the mechanisms of consciousness ("why" versus "how", or final cause versus efficient cause). The ...

  6. Philosophical Investigations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_Investigations

    Philosophical Investigations (German: Philosophische Untersuchungen) is a work by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, published posthumously in 1953.. Philosophical Investigations is divided into two parts, consisting of what Wittgenstein calls, in the preface, Bemerkungen, translated by G. E. M. Anscombe as "remarks".

  7. Problem of other minds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_other_minds

    The problem of other minds is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following epistemological question: "Given that I can only observe the behavior of others, how can I know that others have minds?" [1] The problem is that knowledge of other minds is always indirect. The problem of other minds does not negatively impact social ...

  8. Critical approaches to Hamlet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_approaches_to_Hamlet

    Later critics of the century, such as T. S. Eliot in his noted essay "Hamlet and His Problems", downplayed such psychological emphasis of the play, and instead used other methods to read characters in the play, focusing on minor characters such as Gertrude, and seeing what they reveal about Hamlet's decisions.

  9. Existentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialism

    Existentialism is a family of views and forms of philosophical inquiry that explore the existence of the human individual and conclude that, despite the absurdity or incomprehensibility of the universe, individuals must still embrace responsibility for their actions and strive to lead authentic lives. [1][2][3] In examining meaning, purpose ...