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Computed tomography (CT) has become the diagnostic modality of choice for head trauma due to its accuracy, reliability, safety, and wide availability. The changes in microcirculation, impaired auto-regulation, cerebral edema, and axonal injury start as soon as head injury occurs and manifest as clinical, biochemical, and radiological changes.
Traumatic brain injury; Other names: Intracranial injury, physically induced brain injury [1] CT scan showing cerebral contusions, hemorrhage within the hemispheres, and subdural hematoma. There is also displaced skull fracture of left transverse parietal and temporal bones. [2] Specialty: Neurosurgery, pediatrics: Symptoms
The Canadian CT head rule (abbreviated CCTHR or CCHR; also sometimes referred to as the Canadian Computed Tomography Head Rule) [1][2] is a medical scale used to decide whether patients with minor head injuries should undergo cranial CT scans. It was originally described by Stiell et al. in a paper published in the Lancet in 2001, in which they ...
Diagnosis is typically by CT scan. [1] Treatment is generally based on the extent and location of the injury to structures inside the head. [1] Surgery may be performed to seal a CSF leak that does not stop, to relieve pressure on a cranial nerve or repair injury to a blood vessel. [1]
Acceleration (g-forces) can exert rotational forces in the brain, especially the midbrain and diencephalon. A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [ 9 ] Symptoms may include loss of consciousness; memory loss; headaches; difficulty with thinking ...
Diffuse injury has more microscopic injury than macroscopic injury and is difficult to detect with CT and MRI, but its presence can be inferred when small bleeds are visible in the corpus callosum or the cerebral cortex. [34] MRI is more useful than CT for detecting characteristics of diffuse axonal injury in the subacute and chronic time ...
Penetrating head injury. A penetrating head injury, or open head injury, is a head injury in which the dura mater, the outer layer of the meninges, is breached. [1] Penetrating injury can be caused by high- velocity projectiles or objects of lower velocity such as knives, or bone fragments from a skull fracture that are driven into the brain.
Of the CT scans, six to eleven percent are done in children, [167] an increase of seven to eightfold from 1980. [166] Similar increases have been seen in Europe and Asia. [166] In Calgary, Canada, 12.1% of people who present to the emergency with an urgent complaint received a CT scan, most commonly either of the head or of the abdomen.