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The sine and tangent small-angle approximations are used in relation to the double-slit experiment or a diffraction grating to develop simplified equations like the following, where y is the distance of a fringe from the center of maximum light intensity, m is the order of the fringe, D is the distance between the slits and projection screen ...
In statistics and related fields, a similarity measure or similarity function or similarity metric is a real-valued function that quantifies the similarity between two objects. Although no single definition of a similarity exists, usually such measures are in some sense the inverse of distance metrics : they take on large values for similar ...
Due to Snell's law, the numerical aperture remains the same: NA = n 1 sin θ 1 = n 2 sin θ 2. In optics , the numerical aperture ( NA ) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light.
Intuitively, the graph of a bounded function stays within a horizontal band, while the graph of an unbounded function does not. In mathematics , a function f {\displaystyle f} defined on some set X {\displaystyle X} with real or complex values is called bounded if the set of its values is bounded .
Inverse transform sampling (also known as inversion sampling, the inverse probability integral transform, the inverse transformation method, or the Smirnov transform) is a basic method for pseudo-random number sampling, i.e., for generating sample numbers at random from any probability distribution given its cumulative distribution function.