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It is also used as an anticoagulant for laboratory testing, in that blood samples are collected into sodium citrate-containing tubes for tests such as the PT (INR), APTT, and fibrinogen levels. Sodium citrate is used in medical contexts as an alkalinizing agent in place of sodium bicarbonate, [2] to neutralize excess acid in the blood and urine ...
The partial thromboplastin time (PTT), also known as the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT), is a blood test that characterizes coagulation of the blood.A historical name for this measure is the Kaolin-cephalin clotting time (KCCT), [1] reflecting kaolin and cephalin as materials historically used in the test.
Red blood cell concentrates, also known as red cell concentrates or packed red blood cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion. [1] A red blood cell concentrate typically has a haematocrit of 0.50 – 0.70 L/L and a volume between 250 and 320 mL.
Sodium citrate/sodium lauryl sulfoacetate/glycerol sold under the brandname Microlax and Micolette Micro enema, among others, is a small tube of liquid gel that is used to treat constipation. [ 1 ] The main active ingredients are sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (0.90% w/v ), sodium citrate (9.0% w/v ) and glycerol .
A sample of the plasma is extracted from the test tube and placed into a measuring test tube (Note: for an accurate measurement, the ratio of blood to citrate needs to be fixed and should be labeled on the side of the measuring test tube by the manufacturing company; many laboratories will not perform the assay if the tube is underfilled and ...
Citric acid/potassium-sodium citrate is a drug used in the treatment of metabolic acidosis (a disorder in which the blood is too acidic). It is made up of citrate (the weak base of citric acid), a sodium cation and potassium cation. It can also be used for the treatment of kidney stones [1] by treating hypocitraturia. [2]
Use of citrate involves the enzyme citrate lyase, which breaks down citrate to oxaloacetate and acetate. Oxaloacetate is further broken down to pyruvate and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Production of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) as well as ammonia (NH 3 ) from the use of sodium citrate and ammonium salts results in alkaline pH.
Topical nicotinamide and topical zinc are safe, however, there are no FDA pregnancy category ratings. [27] [28] Topical salicylic acid and topical dapsone are classified as FDA pregnancy category C. [23] [28] Acne medications to avoid during pregnancy include oral isotretinoin and topical tazarotene as there have been reports of birth defects.