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Since users rarely employ passwords with anything close to the entropy of the cipher's key space, such systems are often quite easy to break in practice using only ciphertext. The 40-bit CSS cipher used to encrypt DVD video discs can always be broken with this method, as all that is needed is to look for MPEG-2 video data.
A derivation of a string for a grammar is a sequence of grammar rule applications that transform the start symbol into the string. A derivation proves that the string belongs to the grammar's language. A derivation is fully determined by giving, for each step: the rule applied in that step; the occurrence of its left-hand side to which it is ...
A string-searching algorithm, sometimes called string-matching algorithm, is an algorithm that searches a body of text for portions that match by pattern. A basic example of string searching is when the pattern and the searched text are arrays of elements of an alphabet ( finite set ) Σ.
Bubble sort, sometimes referred to as sinking sort, is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the input list element by element, comparing the current element with the one after it, swapping their values if needed.
However, it is a common practice when extending a Java framework to implement classes in the same package as a framework class to access protected members. The source file may exist in a completely different location, and may be deployed to a different .jar file, yet still be in the same logical path as far as the JVM is concerned.
The hardback Volume 4A, combining Volume 4, Fascicles 0–4, was published in 2011. Volume 4, Fascicle 6 ("Satisfiability") was released in December 2015; Volume 4, Fascicle 5 ("Mathematical Preliminaries Redux; Backtracking; Dancing Links") was released in November 2019. Volume 4B consists of material evolved from Fascicles 5 and 6. [2]
In the Java remote method invocation (Java RMI) nomenclature, a stub communicates on the client-side with a skeleton on the server-side. [1] A class skeleton is an outline of a class that is used in software engineering. It contains a description of the class's roles, and describes the purposes of the variables and methods, but does not ...
He led the design and implementation of numerous Java platform features, including the Java Collections Framework, the java.math package, and the assert mechanism. [1] He is the author of the programming guide Effective Java (2001), which won the 2001 Jolt Award , [ 2 ] and is a co-author of two other Java books, Java Puzzlers (2005) and Java ...