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As the Ottoman Empire broke up, several successor states retained the kuruş as a denomination. These included Egypt , Saudi Arabia , Syria , Lebanon and Turkey itself. Others, including Jordan and Sudan , adopted the kuruş as a denomination when they established their own currencies.
Gold coins continued to be minted after the abolition of the gold standard, even into the 1920s, but their value far exceeded the value of the equivalent denominations in paper currency. The central Ottoman Bank first issued paper currency known as kaime in 1862, in the denomination of 200pt. The notes bore texts in Turkish and French.
Since the founding of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman law and religious life were defined by the Hanafi madhab (school of Islamic jurisprudence). With respect to creed, the Maturidi school was majorly adhered to, dominating madrassahs (Islamic Both the Maturidi and Ash'ari schools of Islamic theology used Ilm al-Kalam to understand the Quran and the hadith (sayings and actions of Mohammed and the ...
In the later 19th century, government revenue from tuz resmi was typically 70-80 million kurus per year; by 1912 revenue had risen to 130,476,788 kurus – much higher than other tariffs such as the muskirat resmi (alcohol tax) or the damga resmi (stamp duty), although taxes on land and crops continued to return more revenue.
Between the 9th and 14th centuries, the Muslim world developed many advanced economic concepts, techniques and usages. These ranged from areas of production, investment, finance, economic development, taxation, property use such as Hawala: an early informal value transfer system, Islamic trusts, known as waqf, systems of contract relied upon by merchants, a widely circulated common currency ...
In 1922–23, a new coinage was introduced consisting of aluminium-bronze 2 + 1 ⁄ 2, 5 and 10 kuruş and nickel 25 kuruş (kr.).They were last issued in 1928. These were the last Turkish coins to bear inscriptions in the Arabic script.
The defter was a tax register. It recorded names and property/land ownership; it categorised households, and sometimes whole villages, by religion. The names recorded in a defter can give valuable information about ethnic background; these tax records are a valuable source for current-day historians investigating the ethnic & religious history of parts of the Ottoman Empire. [3]
The akçe or akça (also spelled akche, akcheh; Ottoman Turkish: آقچه; Turkish pronunciation:, , in Europe known as asper or aspre) was a silver coin which was the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire and was once used by Aq Qoyunlu in the early period. [1]