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Critical SPR investigations into purported mediums and the exposure of fake mediums has led to a number of resignations by Spiritualist members. [53] [54] On the subject of fraud in mediumship Paul Kurtz wrote: No doubt a great importance in the paranormal field is the problem of fraud.
Katie King, Florence Cook and Sir William Crookes. Florence Eliza Cook (ca 1856 – 22 April 1904) was a medium who claimed to materialise a spirit, "Katie King".The question of whether the spirit was real or a fraud was a notable public controversy of the mid-1870s.
Danish medium Einer Nielsen was investigated by a committee from the Kristiania University in Norway in 1922 and it was discovered in a séance that his ectoplasm was fake. [37] He was also caught hiding ectoplasm in his rectum. [38] Mina Crandon was a famous medium known for producing ectoplasm during her séance sittings. She produced a small ...
Franek Kluski, real name Teofil Modrzejewski (1873-1943), was a Polish physical medium criticized by trained magicians and skeptics as a fraud. Kluski was best known for his séances in which alleged "spirit" molds of hands materialized.
“Look Into My Eyes” spotlights seven people who work as psychic mediums in New York. The cameras film in-depth readings with clients, but also follow them back home, where they share their own ...
Unknown to Higginson, a member secretly took away a sample of a blood clot that they had pretended to remove. The blood was forensically analysed and found to belong to a pig. Higginson was shaken by the discovery of fraud, but continued to believe that psychic surgery was genuine. After the exposure, the Elizalde's tour was cancelled. [6]
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Censored photo of Carrière nude in a séance with a cardboard cut-out figure of King Ferdinand of Bulgaria. Eva Carrière (born Marthe Béraud 1886 in France, died 1943), [1] also known as Eva C, was a fraudulent materialization medium in the early 20th century known for making fake ectoplasm from chewed paper and cut-out faces from magazines and newspapers.