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However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. [1] Scaling laws , for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness .
Explaining the observed high levels of complexity in ecosystems [1] has been one of the main challenges and motivations for ecological network analysis, since early theory predicted that complexity should lead to instability. [2] Connectance: the proportion of possible links between species that are realized (links/species 2). In food webs, the ...
NOAA Great Lakes Food Web Diagrams direct Author NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory: Mason, Krause, and Ulanowicz, 2002 - Modifications for Lake Superior, 2009.
Isle Royale National Park is made up of about 400 islands, and is in the northwest portion of Lake Superior. It is about 50 miles (80 km) from Michigan's shore, and 12 miles (19 km) from the Canadian shore. The main island is about 45 miles (72 km) long, and nine miles (14 km) wide at the widest point, with an area of 205 square miles (530 km 2
Michigan produces wines, beers and a multitude of processed food products. This wide variety of crops grown in Michigan make it second only to California among U.S. states in the diversity of its agriculture. [4] The state has 54,800 farms utilizing 10,000,000 acres (40,000 km 2) of land which sold $6.49 billion worth of products in 2010. [5]
A food pyramid and a corresponding food web, demonstrating some of the simpler patterns in a food web A graphic representation of energy transfer between trophic layers in an ecosystem Energy flow is the flow of energy through living things within an ecosystem . [ 1 ]
Trophic cascades are powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems, occurring when a trophic level in a food web is suppressed. For example, a top-down cascade will occur if predators are effective enough in predation to reduce the abundance, or alter the behavior of their prey, thereby releasing the next lower trophic level from predation (or herbivory if the intermediate ...