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Cheque clearing (or check clearing in American English) or bank clearance is the process of moving cash (or its equivalent) from the bank on which a cheque is drawn to the bank in which it was deposited, usually accompanied by the movement of the cheque to the paying bank, either in the traditional physical paper form or digitally under a cheque truncation system.
The Federal Reserve System (often shortened to the Federal Reserve, or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States.It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises.
The Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (or Check 21 Act) is a United States federal law, Pub. L. 108–100 (text), that was enacted on October 28, 2003 by the 108th U.S. Congress. The Check 21 Act took effect one year later on October 28, 2004.
A substitute check (also called an Image Replacement Document or IRD) [1] is a negotiable instrument that is a digital reproduction of an original paper check.As a negotiable payment instrument in the United States, a substitute check maintains the status of a "legal check" in lieu of the original paper check.
Cheque clearing is usually done through an electronic cheque broker, such as The Clearing House, Viewpointe LLC or the Federal Reserve Banks. Copies of the cheques are stored at a bank or the broker, for periods up to 99 years, and this is why some cheque archives have grown to 20 petabytes. The access to these archives is now worldwide, as ...
In the United States, a negotiable order of withdrawal account (NOW account) is an interest-paying deposit account on which an unlimited number of checks may be written. [1]A negotiable order of withdrawal is essentially identical to a check drawn on a demand deposit account, but US banking regulations define the terms "demand deposit account" and "negotiable order of withdrawal account ...
The first payment method that required clearing was cheques, as cheques would have to be returned to the issuing bank for payment. Though many debit cards are drawn against chequing accounts, direct deposit and point-of-purchase electronic payments are cleared through networks separate from the cheque clearing system (in the United States, the Federal Reserve's Automated Clearing House and the ...
Because tax payments to the government reduce the amount of reserves in the banking system, the TT&L program provides a buffer for system reserve management, preventing reserve shortfalls on heavy tax payment days which would threaten the ability of banks to settle their payment obligations (ATM transaction and cheque clearing).