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The VPAM scale as of 2009 runs from 1 to 14, with 1-5 being soft armor, and 6-14 being hard armor. [1] Tested armor must withstand three hits, spaced 120 mm (4.7 inches) apart, of the designated test threat with no more than 25 mm (0.98 inches) of back-face deformation in order to pass.
Composite Armor tested in accordance with STANAG 4569 Kinetic Energy Level 3 specifications. ... 155 mm High Explosive at ... (Due to very low probability of a large ...
For short-range target shooting, typically on ranges up to 50 meters, or 55 yards, with low-powered ammunition like .22 long rifle, aerodynamics is relatively unimportant, and velocities are low compared to velocities attained by full-powered ammunition.
A traditional hollow point boat tail very-low-drag rifle bullet. The jackets of these bullets are generally made out of a copper alloy (such as gilding metal or cupronickel ) A very-low-drag bullet (VLD) is primarily a small arms ballistics development of the 1980s–1990s, driven by the design objective of bullets with higher degrees of ...
Its maximum effective range is 3,000 m (3,300 yd). According to Jane's, the M829 is capable of penetrating 540 mm (21 in) of RHA steel armor at up to a 2,000 m (2,200 yd) range. [3] The original M829 is no longer in production and has been succeeded by the M829A1, M829A2, and M829A3. The corresponding training round is the M865, costing $1,121. [2]
Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), long dart penetrator, or simply dart ammunition is a type of kinetic energy penetrator ammunition used to attack modern vehicle armour. As an armament for main battle tanks , it succeeds armour-piercing discarding sabot (APDS) ammunition, which is still used in small or medium caliber ...
Non-explosive reactive armour (NxRA), also known as non-energetic reactive armor (NERA), is a type of vehicle armor used by modern main battle tanks and heavy infantry fighting vehicles. NERA advantages over explosive reactive armor (ERA) are its inexpensiveness, multi-hit capability, [ 1 ] and ease of integration onto armored vehicles due to ...
A key advantage of electric armour is its lighter weight. [3] Whereas ERA (explosive reacting armour) can add 10 to 20 tons of weight to a tank in explosives, electric armour could be effective with as little as a few tons of weight, [4] [5] [8] significantly reducing the load on the tank and allowing its weight capacity and engine power to be used elsewhere.