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Additionally, state-dependent memory effects have been found in regard to other substances such as morphine, caffeine, and alcohol. [6] [12] [13] Substantial amounts of research have been conducted on the effects of alcohol. [13] A very clear description of state-dependent memory is found in John Elliotson's Human Physiology (1835):
State-dependent memory is one example of encoding specificity. If an individual encodes information while intoxicated he or she, ideally, should match that state when attempting to recall the encoded information. This type of state-dependent effect is strongest with free recall rather than when strong retrieval cues are present. [16]
Transfer-appropriate processing (TAP) is a type of state-dependent memory specifically showing that memory performance is not only determined by the depth of processing (where associating meaning with information strengthens the memory; see levels-of-processing effect), but by the relationship between how information is initially encoded and how it is later retrieved.
An important consideration to the difference between mood congruence and mood dependent (or state-dependent) memory is the determination that one cannot make accurate assumptions about the emotional state of a memory during the encoding process. Therefore, the memory that is recalled is not dependent on the affective state during encoding. [1]
Music-dependent memory is an effect of mood-dependent memory. There have been many studies conducted that have suggested that the music one listens to may affect their mood. In Balch and Lewis’ article, they studied how the participants’ moods were affected by the change in tempo of a musical piece.
This is another example of how matching the conditions at the encoding and retrieval can influence memory. [1]: 185 State-dependent learning is associated with a specific internal state, such as mood or state of awareness. According to the principle of state-dependent learning, memory will be better when a person's internal state during ...
Cue-dependent forgetting, or retrieval failure, is the failure to recall information without memory cues. [1] The term either pertains to semantic cues, state-dependent cues or context-dependent cues. Upon performing a search for files in a computer, its memory is scanned for words. Relevant files containing this word or string of words are ...
Another documented phenomenon is the mood-state dependent retrieval, a type of context-dependent memory. The retrieval of information is more effective when the emotional state at the time of retrieval is similar to the emotional state at the time of encoding.